BEE CREATIVE WITH SEIJAS
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ART OF CHINA

THE ART OF CHINA
(209 BCE - 1400 CE)

CONTENT: What do you see?
FORM: The details (what you see more exactly). How the artist delivers the content.
CONTEXT: Everything NOT observable.
FUNCTION: The intended purpose of the work.

APAH 250 Images:

China:
193. Terra Cotta Warriors
194. Funeral banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)
195. Longmen caves, Luoyang, China
206. Forbidden City
        - front gate
        - Hall of Supreme Harmony
        - The Palace of Tranquility and Longevity
201. Travelers among Mountains and Streams, 
         Fan Kuan
204. The David Vases
212. Chairman Mao En Routeto Anyuan
Korea:
196. Gold and jade crown
205. Portrait of Sin Sukju

Vocabulary

Bi
Bodhisattva
Coiling
Colophon
Confucianism
Daoism
Hanja
Literati
Pagoda
​Porcelain

Potter’s Wheel
Throwing
Vairocana
Yin & Yang
ART OF CHINA P.P.

KEY IDEAS

  • Laozi and Confucius's philosophies filter through every part of the Chinese thinking including art.
  • Daoism (meaning "the way", a journey that allows the pilgrim to wander meaningfully in self-expression) and Confucianism.
  • Calligraphy is the most respected art form
  • Artworks are usually in the form of handscrolls, hanging scrolls, fans, and album leaves.
  • Courtyard style houses that express the philosophy about the family and social position.
  • Artwork is divided into periods defined by dynasties.
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CHINA HISTORY

  • First Emperor Shih Huangdi, 3rd century BCE (unified China, codified written Chinese, standarized weights and measures, developed uniform currency, started the Great Wall)
  • Height of ancient Chinese = Tang Dynasty (618-906CE)
  • Ming Dynasty = Forbidden City
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CONTEXT

The arts of South and Southeast Asia represent some of the world’s oldest, most diverse, and most sophisticated visual traditions. Many of the world’s great religious and philosophic traditions developed in these regions with distinctive religious art forms to support the beliefs and practices. India’s ancient worldview that dominated South Asia:
    a: differentiated earthly and cosmic realms of existence,
    b: recognized certain sites or beings as sacred,
  c: understood time and life as cyclic.

​The religions developed - Hinduism, Buddism, Jainism, Sikhism - sought spiritual development, release, or divine union through religious methodologies and social practices. Adding to India’s worldview were preexisting animistic and popular beliefs from Southeast Asia from India’s attempts at colonization. Religious practices are iconic, and figural imagery of divinities and revered teachers plays a prominant role. South and Southeast Asia also supported foreign cultures and religions including Greco-Roman, Christianity, and Islamic cultures from West and Central Asia. Islamic influence is strong in India, Malasia, and Indonesia, due to partial control of Islamic sultanates from 1000 - 2000 CE. Today, South and Southeast Asia have the world’s largest Muslim population. Architecture is frequently religious in function. Temples intended to house deities or shrines were constructed or rock cut. Rock cut caves containing Buddhist imagery, shrines, stupas, and monastic spaces span from India through Central Asia to China. Islamic architecture takes two major forms: secular (forts & palaces) and religious (mosques & tombs). Islamic mosques are decorated with non-figural imagery, including calligraphy and vegetal forms. All mosques have a Qibla wall facing Mecca, with a Mihrab, a focus for prayer. Artistic and architectural traditions are deeply rooted in Asian aesthetics and cultural practices. Painting styles in India favor contour drawing of forms over modeling, and calligraphy was an important art form in Islamic art in architecture, decorative objects, ceramic tiles, and manuscripts. Practice of Asian religions necessitated the development of novel art and architecture forms to support them. The cultures were interconnected through trade and politics and trade greatly affecting development of art and culture by way of the Silk Route and maritime networks. These routes were vital for the transmission of cultural ideas and practices.

RELIGIONS DEVELOPED

Hinduism: Many different sects of Hinduism. Belief in the infinite variety of the divine: nature, gods, humans. Orthodox Hindus accept the Vedic (ancient Sanskrit) texts as divine. Vedic texts assign Brahmins (a caste of ritual specialists). Enlightenment, or reaching Nirvana, ends the cycle, through good deeds and living a devotional life to charities, religious fervor, and love of all.

​Buddism: Teaches individuals how to cope in the world full or misery. Buddha, Siddhartha, when he was a prince first, rejected worldly concerns and courtly life and decided to live in the country. Believes in reincarnation, a cycle of birth and rebirth. Enlightenment, or reaching Nirvana, ends the cycle, through good deeds and living a devotional life to charities, religious fervor, and love of all.

Jainism: Teaches that the way to liberation and bliss is to live a life of harmlessness and renunciation. The aim of Jain life is to achieve liberation of the soul.

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  • PHOTO 1
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