ELEMENTS
OF
​ART
​​
​Line
active- passive
bold -delicate
flowing- light
straight- curved
thick -thin
dark -light
broken- continuous
geometric- organic
implied- actual
precise- irregular
contour- outline

Shape/Form
2D-3D
solid -void
concave- convex
positive- negative
organic(natural)- geometric (man made)
free form
​
Space
2D-3D
positive– negative
open –closed
filled– empty
actual– implied
interior– exterior
scale
orientation

Value (Tone)
shading
high - low
contrast
intensity
stippling
hatching - cross hatching

Color
contrast
tint
huepigment
primary
secondary
intermediate
neutral
color schemes
warm - cool
monochromatic
analogous
complementary
split complementary
triad 
bright– dull
optical (or atmospheric)
symbolic

Texture
actual (tactual) – visual
simulated– invented
PRINCIPLES
OF
​DESIGN

​​Balance
symmetrical
asymmetrical
radial


Rhythm, Movement
alternating
progressive
flowing
jazzy
vertical
horizontal
diagonal
curving


Proportion
life-size
monumental
miniature
Golden Section or Mean
scale
caricature
normal– exaggerated – idealized


Emphasis
by dominance
by focal point
by isolation
by size
by contrast


Pattern
repetition
motif (2D)
module (3D)
allover


Unity or Contrast
by repetition
by simplicity
by harmony
by theme and variation
by proximity
by continuity
by contrast