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HINDU ART

HINDU ART


Hinduism: Many different sects of Hinduism. Belief in the infinite variety of the divine: nature, gods, humans. Orthodox Hindus accept the Vedic (ancient Sanskrit) texts as divine. Vedic texts assign Brahmins (a caste of ritual specialists). Enlightenment, or reaching Nirvana, ends the cycle, through good deeds and living a devotional life to charities, religious fervor, and love of all.

KEY IDEAS

Hindu Philosophies
  • Many different sects of Hinduism
  • Belief in the infinite variety of the divine: nature, gods, humans
  • Orthodox Hindus accept the Vedic (ancient Sanskrit)  texts as divine (sacred scriptures)
  • Vedic texts assign Brahmins (a caste of ritual specialists)
  • Enlightenment, or reaching Nirvana, ends the cycle, through good deeds and living a devotional life to charities, religious fervor, and love of all.
Major Hindu gods
  • Shiva, principal deity, dances to the destruction and rebirth of the world.
  • Brahma, creator god
  • Vishnu, preserver god
  • Laksmi and Parvati, peaceful consorts
CONTENT: What do you see?
FORM: The details (what you see more exactly). How the artist delivers the content.
CONTEXT: Everything NOT observable.
FUNCTION: The intended purpose of the work.

ART WORKS

INDIA:
200. Lakshmana Temple
     - relief detail, lion detail
     - temple plan
202. Shiva as Lord of Dance  

CAMBODIA:
199. Angkor, the temple of Angkor Wat

     - the city of Angkor Thom
     - stone masonry
     - south gate of Angkor Thom
     - temple plan
* Churning of the Ocean Milk Relief
* Jayavarman VII as Buddha

Picture
Picture
Picture
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​Indian Hindu Art

Context - History:
Pre-history:            c. 2500 BCE      civilization in the Indus Valley
                                 c. 1800 BCE       Aryan (Indo-European)invasion from the north
Vedic Period:          550 BCE            Buddhism established (Sakyamuni Buddha born c. 563 BCE
​                                 327 BCE             Alexander the Great in northern India - Greek culture introduced into India
Hinduism:               2nd Cent BCE    Hinduism emerges with the Bhagavad Gita - the fundamental doctrine of Hinduism
Maurya Dynasty:   273-232 BCE     Asoka makes Buddhism the dominant religion By 185 BCE Hinduism becomes favored religion
Gupta Empire:       320-c. 600CE   Indian culture reaches new heights - sustained peace - Hindu temples Hinduism adopts aspects of                                                              Buddhism - increases popularity
Chola Bronzes:       10th Cent          South Indian bronzes originally created solely as icons of worship to be carried through the temple                                                              and adjoining areas of a town

HINDU HISTORY:
  • ​Hinduism has no founder or date of origin - it is the oldest faith structure in the world.
  • Hinduism is thought to have gotten its name from the Persian word Hindu, meaning “river,” used by outsiders to describe the people of the Indus River Valley.
  • The first sacred texts of Hinduism, dating from around 1200 BCE, were concerned with the ritual sacrifices associated with numerous gods representing forces of nature.

BASIC BELIEFS AND IDEAS:
  • Hindus regard their religion as eternal but not a homogeneous organized system
  • Hindus refer to their religion as sanatama dharma (”eternal religion”)
  • The three main gods of Hinduism, based on the idea that evil will be eradicated
                 1. Brahma (The Creator) generally worshipped
                 2. Shiva (The Destroyer) worshipped by Brahmins and lyers
                 3. Vishnu (The Protector) worshipped by Brahmins and lyengars

HINDUISM:
1. Hindus believe in a one, all-pervasive Supreme Being, who is both immanent and transcendent, both Creator and Unmanifest.             Reality
2. Hindus believe that the universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, preservation, and dissolution.
3. Hindu believe in Karma, the law of cause and eect by which each individual creates his own destiny by his thoughts, words, and          deeds.
4. Hindu believe that the soul reincarnates, evolving through many births until all karmas have been resolved, and moksha, liberation        from the cycle of rebirth, is attained. Not a single soul will be deprived of this destiny.
5. Hindus believe that all life is sacred, to be loved and revered, and therefore practice ahimsa, non-injury, in thought, word, and              deed.
6. Hindus believe in the divinity of four Vedas, the world’s most ancient scripture, and venerate the Agamas as equally revealed.                These primordial hymns are God’s word and the bedrock of Sanatana Dharma, the eternal religion.
7. Hindus believe that divine beings exist in unseen worlds and that temple worship, rituals, sacraments, and personal devotionals            create a communion with these devas and Gods.
8. Hindus believe that an enlightened master, or satguru, is essential to know the Transcendent Absolute, as are personal discipline,          good conduct, purification, pilgrimage, self-injury, meditation, and surrender in God.
9. Hindus believe that no religion teaches the only way to salvation above all others, but that all genuine paths are facets of God’s              Light, deserving tolerance and understanding.

VOCABULARY

ascetic 
amalaka
aniconic 
ashlar masonry
axis mundi 
bas-relief
bi
Bodhisattva
Brahma 
Buddha
Buddhism 
chaltya 
circumambulation
 ​Daoism
dharma
finial 
Hinduism 
horror vacui
iconoclasm
karma 
​mandorla
mudra
Nirvana
primordial human being
Sakyamuni​
samsara
Shiva
shikhara
stupa
torana
urna
ushinisha
Vairocana
Vishnu
wat
womb chamber 
yakshi
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  • Home
  • PHOTO 1
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  • PHOTO 3
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