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ANCIENT GREECE


PROTO-GREEK
(2500 BCE - 1200 BCE)
Cycladic - Cycladic Islands, burial mounds, 2500 BCE
Minoan - Island of Crete, Place of Knossos, 1500 BCE
Mycenaean - mainland Greece, citadel at Mycenae, 1200 BCE

ANCIENT GREECE
(900 - 31 BCE)
ARCHAIC PERIOD: ca. 625 - 480 BCE
EARLY CLASSICAL PERIOD: ca. 480-450 BCE
HIGH CLASSICAL PERIOD: ca. 450-400 BCE
LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD: ca. 400-330 BCE
​HELLENISTIC PERIOD: ca. 330-31 BCE

CONTENT: What do you see?
FORM: The details (what you see more exactly). How the artist delivers the content.
CONTEXT: Everything NOT observable.
FUNCTION: The intended purpose of the work.

ARTWORKS
26. Athenian Agora 
​27. Anavayos Kouros
28. Peplos Kore
33. Niobides Krater
34. Doryphoros
35. Acropolis and Parthenon
  • Helios, Horses and Dionysus
  • Temple of Athena Nike
  • Victory adjusting her sandal
  • Plaque of the Ergastines
36. Grave Stele of Hegeso
37. Nike of Samothrace
38. Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
  • Athena (from the Great altar)
  • plan of the Great Altar of Zeus and Athena
41. Seated Boxer

Additional Images:
Geometric Krater
Achilles and Ajax, Exekias
Andokides Painter, Bilingual Amphora
Temple Plan
Greek Orders 
Kouros
West Pediment of the Temple of Aphaia
Dying Warrior West Pediment Aphaia
(archaic) 
Dying Warrior East Pediment Aphaia 
Kritios Boy
Warrior of the sea of Riace
Delphi Charioteer
Aphrodite of Knidos
Hermes and Infant Dionysos
Dying Gaul
Aphrodite of Melos
Laocoon and His Sons

CONTEXT

​The art of Ancient Greece and Rome is grounded in civic ideals and polytheism. Etruscan and Roman artists and architects accumulated and adapted Greek objects and forms to create buildings and artworks that appealed to their tastes for eclecticism and historicism (social and cultural phenomena determined by history). Archaeological models and artworks are identified by periods based on stylistic changes and assigned to periods according to styles (archaic, Classical, Hellenistic). Art considered Ancient Greek is not defined by politics - governments or dynasties. Artists were influenced by earlier Mediterranean cultures. Ancient Greek architecture and figural representations are characterized by ideal proportions and spatial relationships, expressing the society’s values of harmony and balance. Their art provides the foundation for the later development of European and Mediterranean artistic traditions. From the 18th century on, Europe and America admired Ancient Greek ethical and governmental systems: art and architecture that could be associated with political elites and cultural capitals. The Greek culture had a tradition of epic storytelling that glorified the exploits of gods, goddesses, and heroes. They had a highly developed rhetorical tradition that prized public oratory and poetry.
Geometric to Archaic Greek Civilization PP
Early to Late Classical Greek PP
Hellenistic Greece PP
PARTHENON PP

KEY IDEAS

  • Greeks are interested in the human figure the idea of perfection.
  • Greek Temples provide a foundation for European architecture and reflects the idea of obtaining perfection with mathematical ratios.
  • The Greek time period starts at around 900 BCE, about 200 years after the collapse of the Mycenaeans.
  • In the 5th century, the Greeks defeated the Persians, though it left Athens in ruins (rebuilt by Pericles) = Start of the Classical time period
  • Polykleitos's canon of proportions: The head should be 1/7 of the body. The chiastic stance that expresses the alternating relaxed and stressed muscles.
  • The Peloponnesian War in 432 BCE (lasted about 27 years) devastated and crushed Athens by the victorious Spartans = Start of the Hellenistic
  • Alexander the Great took over and united the Macedonians with the Greeks in the 4th century and after his death, his empire gave into Roman rule.​

VOCABULARY WORDS

ACROPOLIS
AMPHORA
APPROPRIATION
ARCHITRAVE
ATHENA
CANON
CARYATID
CELLA
​CHIASTIC
COLONNADE
CONTRAPPOSTO
CORNICE
DIPYLON VASE
DORIC
ENCAUSTIC
​
ENTABLATURE
ENTASIS
FACADE
FRIEZE
GIGANTOMACHY
IONIC
KOUROS
KORE
KRATER
LOST WAX PROCESS
METOPE
NAOS
NIKE
OPISTHODOMOS
PANATHENAIC PROCESSION
​
PATINA
PEDIMENT
PEPLOS
PERIPTERAL
PERISTYLE
PORTICO
PRONAOS
PROPYLAEA
SERPETINE
SHAFT
STELE
STOA
STYLOBATE

TRIGLYPH
VOLUTE
"WET DRAPERY"
ZEUS

​​
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